Gerben van Kleef is a professor of Social Psychology. He received a PhD in Psychology (2004, cum laude) from the department of Work and Organizational Psychology of the University of Amsterdam for his dissertation research on the role of emotion in conflict and negotiation. Next he moved to the Social Psychology department of the same university, where he worked as an Assistant Professor from 2004 to 2007, teaching courses on social categorization, intergroup processes, applied psychology, and emotion. In 2007 he worked as a visiting scholar at the Psychology department of the University of California, Berkeley, conducting research on power and emotion with the support of a "Veni" grant from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO). In 2008 he was appointed Associate Professor of Social Psychology at the University of Amsterdam. In 2010 he received an NWO "Vidi" grant to study the role of emotion in social influence. In 2012 he was appointed Extraordinary Professor of Social and Organizational Aspects of Prosocial Behavior on behalf of the Van der Gaag Foundation of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 2014 he worked as a visiting scholar at Columbia Business School in New York, where he performed research on power and hierarchy. In 2016 he was appointed Full Professor of Social Psychology at the University of Amsterdam, where he has since taught various courses on emotion and theory development. In 2022 he worked as a visiting scholar at Stanford University to conduct research on hierarchy and norm violation.
Van Kleef has served the broader academic community in various capacities, including as board member of the Dutch Association of Social Psychology and the International Association for Conflict Management and as research director of the Kurt Lewin Graduate School for social psychology and its applications. He has acted as guest editor of Cognition and Emotion, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, and Current Opinion in Psychology, and served as associate editor of Social Psychological and Personality Science, Cognition and Emotion, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, and Journal of Applied Psychology. Van Kleef is an elected fellow of the Society of Experimental Social Psychology, the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, and the Association for Psychological Science. From 2015 to 2025, he served as Chair of the Social Psychology department of the University of Amsterdam.
Gerben van Kleef studies how people relate to each other in a deeply social world. His main research programs revolve around emotion, power/hierarchy, social norms, conflict, and cooperation. In studying these topics, he looks at basic social-psychological processes and effects, and explores their implications for organizations and society at large. He combines social-psychological approaches with insights from various other disciplines, including organizational behavior, evolutionary science, biology, behavioral economics, and law. In much of his work he adopts an interpersonal perspective, examining how individuals influence and respond to one another across a variety of contexts, including personal relationships, group decision making, persuasion, conflict, negotiation, consumer behavior, leadership, sports, and social media.
2022: Visiting Professor, Stanford University, Graduate School of Business
2016 - present: Full Professor of Social Psychology, University of Amsterdam
2014: Visiting Professor, Columbia University, Columbia Business School
2012 - 2016: Van der Gaag Professor of Prosocial Behavior, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
2008 - 2016: Associate Professor of Social Psychology, University of Amsterdam
2007: Visiting Scholar, University of California at Berkeley, Department of Psychology
2004 - 2007: Assistant Professor of Social Psychology, University of Amsterdam
2004 - Ph.D. in Psychology (cum laude ), University of Amsterdam,The Netherlands
2000 - M.Sc. in Social Psychology (cum laude ), University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
2000 - M.Sc. in Work and Organizational Psychology (cum laude ), University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
1996 - B.Sc. in Psychology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
2023-2028. Open Competition grant (€764,080) from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) for the project "When and how do norm violations spread? The emotional dynamics of normative decline".
2022-2027. Research Priority Area grant (€1,500,000) from the University of Amsterdam for interdisciplinary research on “Organizational ethics” (with UvA consortium)
2020-2023. PhD Research Grant (€48,600) from the Chinese Scholarship Council (CSC) for the project "Passionate influencers: How emotional expressions on social media shape public opinions" (with Siyi Gu)
2020-2024: Horizon 2020 grant (€2,994,276) from the European Commission for the project "Art and research on transformations of individuals and societies (primary applicants: Matthew Pelowski, Eftychia Stamkou, and Joerg Fingerhut); amount awarded to local work package: €524,054
2019-2013: PhD Research Grant (€75,533) from the CONICYT scholarship program for the project "Emotion regulation in cooperation and competition" (with Anastassia Vivanco Carlevari)
2017-2021: PhD Research Grant (€57,600) from the Chinese Scholarship Council (CSC) for the project "When and how norm violators rise to power" (with Jiafang Chen)
2013-2017: PhD Research Grant (€57,600) from the Chinese Scholarship Council (CSC) for the project "Interpersonal effects of emotional expressions on persuasion" (with Xia Fang)
2012 - 2015: Research talent grant (€168,076) from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) for the project "Climbing the ladder or falling from grace: How norm violations shape social hierarchies" (with Eftychia Stamkou, Astrid Homan, and Adam Galinsky)
2010 - 2015: Vidi grant from the Innovative Research Incentives Scheme (€800,000) of the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) for the project "Emotion is for influence: Development and test of a new theory"
2009 - 2013: Co-applicant on research grant from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) Conflict & Security Theme (€600,000) for the project "Representative negotiation: Cross-level influences in inter-group conflict" (with Carsten de Dreu, Lindy Greer, and Naomi Ellemers)
2009 - 2012: Co-applicant on research grant from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada ($57,680) for the project "Emotion regulation and conflict resolution" (with Stéphane Côté)
2006 - 2009: Veni grant from the Innovative Research Incentives Scheme (€208,000) of the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) for the project "Understanding the role of anger in conflict: Toward a dual-process contingency model"
2024 - Editor’s Choice of the American Psychological Association (APA) for Homan, A. C., Wanders, F., Van Vianen, A. E. M., & Van Kleef, G. A. (2024), “Better to bend than to break? Effects of rule behavior on dominance, prestige, and leadership granting”, published in Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied.
2023 - Outstanding Publication Award of the International Association for Conflict Management (IACM) for Van Kleef, G. A., Heerdink, M. W., Cheshin, A., Stamkou, E., Wanders, F., Koning, L. F., Fang, X., & Georgeac, O. (2021), “No guts, no glory? How risk-taking shapes dominance, prestige, and leadership endorsement”, published in Journal of Applied Psychology.
2021 - Best Paper Award of the Gender and Diversity in Organizations (GDO) division of the Academy of Management for Homan, A. C., Gündemir, S., Buengeler, C., & Van Kleef, G. A. (2020), "Leading diversity: Towards a theory of functional leadership in diverse teams".
2020 - Listed among top-2% most influential scientists across scientific disciplines (Ioannidis, Boyack, & Baas, 2020, PLoS Biol).
2020 - Mid-Career Award of the European Association of Social Psychology (EASP)
2018 - Bi-annual Outstanding Book Award of the International Association for Conflict Management for Van Kleef, G. A. (2016), "The interpersonal dynamics of emotion: Toward an integrative theory of emotions as social information" (Cambridge University Press)
2017 - Elected Fellow of the Association for Psychological Science
2016 - Elected Fellow of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology
2011 - Emerald Outstanding Reviewer Award
2010 - Most Influential Paper Award (2002-2005) of the Academy of Management (Conflict Management Division) for Van Kleef, G. A., De Dreu, C. K. W., & Manstead, A. S. R. (2004), "The interpersonal effects of anger and happiness in negotiations," published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
2009 - Best Paper Award of the Dutch Association for Social Psychologists (ASPO) for Lelieveld, G., Van Dijk, E., Van Beest, I., Steinel, W., & Van Kleef, G. A., "Wanneer teleurstelling beter werkt in onderhandelingen dan boosheid: De interpersoonlijke effecten van boosheid en teleurstelling in onderhandelingen"
2009 - Award for Distinguished Scientific Early Career Contributions to Social Psychology and Its Applications, awarded by the Department of Social Psychology of the University of Amsterdam
2008 - Best Paper Award of the European Group for Organizational Studies (EGOS; finalist) for Beersma, B., & Van Kleef, G. A., "Why people gossip: Antecedents, consequences, and social functions"
2008 - Jos Jaspars Early-Career Award of the European Association of Experimental Social Psychology (EAESP)
2008 - Best Paper Award of the International Association for Conflict Management (IACM) for Van Kleef, G. A., & De Dreu, C. K. W., "Longer-term consequences of anger expression in negotiation: Retaliation or spill-over?"
2006 - Best Student Paper Award of the International Association for Conflict Management (IACM) for Homan, A. C., van Knippenberg, D., Van Kleef, G. A., & De Dreu, C. K. W., "Breaking down faultlines by valuing diversity: The effects of diversity beliefs on the functioning of diverse work groups"
2006 - Best Paper Award of the Kurt Lewin Graduate School for Social Psychology and its Applications (KLI; runner up) for Van Kleef, G. A., De Dreu, C. K. W., & Manstead, A. S. R. (2004), "The interpersonal effects of anger and happiness in negotiations"
2005 - Best Dissertation Award of the Dutch Association for Social Psychologists (ASPO) for Van Kleef, G. A., "Emotion in social conflict: The interpersonal effects of emotions in negotiations"
2005 - Best Dissertation Award of the Society of Experimental Social Psychologists (SESP; finalist) for Van Kleef, G. A., "Emotion in social conflict: The interpersonal effects of emotions in negotiations"
2005 - Best Dissertation Award of the International Association forConflict Management (IACM) for Van Kleef, G. A., "Emotion in social conflict: The interpersonal effects of emotions in negotiations"
2004 - Best Student Paper Award of the International Association for Conflict Management (IACM) for Van Kleef, G. A., Steinel, W., van Knippenberg, D., Hogg, M. A., & Svensson, A., "Group member prototypicality and intergroup negotiation: How one's standing in the group affects negotiation behavior"
2002 - Best Student Paper Award of the International Association for Conflict Management (IACM) for Van Kleef, G. A., De Dreu, C. K. W., & Manstead, A. S. R., "The interpersonal effects of anger and happiness on negotiation behavior and outcomes"
2024 - present: Associate Editor, Journal of Applied Psychology.
2021 - 2024: Associate Editor, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes.
2020: Action Editor, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
2019 - 2021: Associate Editor, Cognition and Emotion.
2018 - 2020: Guest Editor, Current Opinion in Psychology, special issue on power, status, and hierarchy
2018 - 2019: Guest Editor, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, special issue on social norms
2012 - 2018: Associate Editor, Social Psychological and Personality Science
2017: Action Editor, European Journal of Social Psychology
2014 - 2016: Guest Editor, Cognition and Emotion, special issue on emotional collectives
2014 - 2016: Guest Editor, Frontiers in Psychology, special issue on the social nature of emotion
2006: Guest Editor, Gedrag & Organisatie, special issue on affect in organizations
2021 - present: Current Opinion in Psychology
2021 - present: Journal of Applied Psychology
2020 - 2023: Journal of Behavioral Decision Making
2011 - 2019: Psychological Science
2009 - present: Organizational Psychology Review
2009 - present: Social Influence
2006 - present: International Journal of Conflict Management
2009 - 2012: British Journal of Social Psychology
2009 - 2011: Social Psychological and Personality Science
2007 - 2010: Journal of Organizational Behavior
2007 - 2010: Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes
2015 – present: Chair of Social Psychology, University of Amsterdam
2012 – 2018: Research Director, Kurt Lewin Institute (Dutch Graduate School for Social Psychology and Its Applications)
2012: Conference Program Chair, Kurt Lewin Institute (Dutch Graduate School for Social Psychology and Its Applications)
2010: Grant Panel, Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Innovative Research Incentives Scheme (Veni program)
2008 – 2014: Confidant for PhD students, Social Psychology Department, University of Amsterdam
2008 – 2012: Board Member, Social Psychology Department, University of Amsterdam
2008 – 2012: Research Committee, Kurt Lewin Institute (Dutch Graduate School for Social Psychology and Its Applications)
2007 – 2015: Scientific Council, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam
2007 – 2012: Internship Coordinator, Social Psychology Department, University of Amsterdam
2007 – 2009: Board Member, International Association for Conflict Management
2007: Best Dissertation Award Committee, International Association for Conflict Management
2006 – 2010: Secretary, Dutch Association for Social Psychologists
2006: Best Empirical Paper Award Committee, International Association for Conflict Management
2005 – 2010: Board Member, Dutch Association for Social Psychologists
2005: Conference Program Advisor, International Association for Conflict Management
2004 – 2007: International Speaker Series Coordinator, Social Psychology Department, University of Amsterdam
My main lines of research are in the areas of emotion, power/hierarchy, social norms, and conflict/cooperation. In all of these domains my interest is in fundamental social-psychological processes and their implications for understanding applied organizational and societal problems. Below I describe the basic questions that guide my research, highlight some of the key findings and conclusions emerging from this work, and list some illustrative publications in the respective research programs.
Emotions are an elemental part of life -- they imbue our existence with meaning and purpose, and influence how we engage with the world around us. But we do not just feel our emotions; we typically express them in the presence of other people. My work on emotion focuses on the social effects of such emotional expressions. Traditionally, research on emotion has focused primarily on intrapersonal effects. In my own research I study emotions at the interpersonal level of analysis. The central question in this research program is: How do one person's emotional expressions influence other people's feelings, thoughts, and behavior? I have developed Emotions as Social Information (EASI) theory to enhance understanding of how emotions regulate social life (e.g., Van Kleef, 2009, CDPS). Social life is ambiguous. People therefore turn to others' emotions to inform their behavior. Emotional expressions shape behavior and regulate social life by eliciting affective reactions in targets (e.g., reciprocal and complementary emotions, sentiments about the expresser) and by triggering inferential processes (e.g., inferences about the source, meaning, and implications of the expresser's emotion). The relative strength of the two processes depends on the target's information processing and on social-contextual factors that shape the perceived appropriateness of the emotional display. Together with my collaborators, I study the interpersonal effects of emotions in a variety of social and organizational settings, such as persuasion, compliance, conformity in groups, conflict, negotiation, leadership, team performance, personal relationships, consumer behavior, and sports. For instance, we demonstrated that expressing anger can help negotiators to get a better deal, provided that the counterpart is sufficiently motivated to consider the implications of the anger (Van Kleef, De Dreu, & Manstead, 2004, JPSP) and provided that the anger is perceived as appropriate in light of the social context (Van Kleef & Côté, 2007, JAP). We also found that expressing disappointment can help to extract concessions whereas expressing guilt invites exploitation (Van Kleef, De Dreu, & Manstead, 2006, JPSP), and we documented several contingencies of the effects of disappointment (Lelieveld, Van Dijk, Van Beest, & Van Kleef, 2013, JPSP). In another study that is illustrative of this research program my colleagues and I investigated the effects of emotional expressions of leaders on the motivation and performance of followers. We showed that followers who score low on agreeableness perform better with an angry leader than with a happy leader, whereas followers high on agreeableness function poorly when their leader gets angry because the anger undermines the social harmony that they strive for (Van Kleef, Homan, Beersma, & van Knippenberg, 2010, Psych. Science). Other studies focused on the effects of emotional expressions in groups. We have demonstrated, among other things, that expressions of anger are associated with rejection, whereas expressions of happiness are associated with acceptance (Heerdink, Van Kleef, Homan, & Fischer, 2015, JESP). By triggering inferences of acceptance versus rejection, expressions of happiness versus anger help regulate conformity and deviance in groups (Heerdink, Van Kleef, Homan, & Fischer, 2013, JPSP). We also found that the tendency to use others' emotional expressions as a source of information drives interpersonal effects of emotions on attitude formation and change, allowing people to use emotional expressions as part of persuasive communication (Van Kleef, Van den Berg, & Heerdink, 2015, JAP). Finally, a recent series of studies revealed that sports players use the emotional expressions of their coaches to gauge the quality of their performance (Van Kleef, Cheshin, Koning, & Wolf, 2019, PSE).
Power and hierarchy are inherently social phenomena. Accordingly, the effects of power are not limited to the individual who has or lacks power; rather, they profoundly shape social interactions between individuals and dynamics within and between groups. In my research on power I therefore adopt a social lens to examine the interpersonal dynamics of power and hierarchy. My colleagues and I explicated the social nature of power in the Reciprocal Influence Model of Social Power (Keltner, Van Kleef, Chen, & Kraus, 2008, Adv. in Exp. Soc. Psych.). This model emphasizes that power relations are dynamic rather than static: Individuals may afford power to others, but they can also take it away from them. This notion has important implications for understanding how power shapes human psychology and social relationships. In one illustrative line of research we investigate when individuals are willing to grant power to others who violate social norms (e.g., Stamkou, Van Kleef, Homan, & Galinsky, 2016, GPIR; Van Kleef, Homan, Finkenauer, Blaker, & Heerdink, 2012, JESP) or engage in risky behavior (Van Kleef, Heerdink, Cheshin, Stamkou, Wanders, Koning, Fang, & Georgeac, 2021, JAP). In another line of research, we examined how the experience of power shapes responsiveness to other individuals. Across a variety of social settings, my colleagues and I have demonstrated that power diminishes such responsiveness. For instance, one study revealed that power dampens compassionate and empathic responses to other people's suffering (Van Kleef, Oveis, Van der Löwe, LuoKogan, Goetz, & Keltner, 2008, Psych. Science). This study showed that the powerful are less motivated to make social connections with others. When confronted with another person's distress, an autonomic emotion regulation system (tempering of the heart rate by the nervus vagus) insulates them from the other's distress, thereby dampening emotional responsiveness. Shifting attention to the domain of positive experiences, a recent study revealed that whereas powerless individuals can be inspired by the uplifting experiences of other people, powerful individuals are primarily inspired by their own experiences as opposed to those of others (Van Kleef, Oveis, Homan, Van der Löwe, & Keltner, 2015, SPPS). In another line of research we investigate how power regulates social interaction in groups. The Reciprocal Influence Model of Social Power (Keltner, Van Kleef, Chen, & Kraus, 2008) holds that power serves as a heuristic solution to conflict by prioritizing the goals and needs of those higher in the hierarchy over those lower in the hierarchy. Accordingly, we have shown that hierarchical differentiation can, under particular circumstances, be beneficial for group functioning (Greer & Van Kleef, 2010, JAP). Our work on the interface of power and emotion demonstrated that the emotions of powerholders in the wake of a moral transgression are more likely to be distrusted and discounted than the emotions of those with low power (Kim, Mislin, Tuncel, Cheshin, & Van Kleef, 2017, JEP:G). We also found that powerful people tend to express anger about inappropriate treatment directly at the perpetrator, whereas powerless people are more likely to express their anger indirectly by sharing it with others (Petkanopoulou, Rodriguez-Bailon, Willis, & Van Kleef, 2019, EJSP). Recently we developed the outlines of a theoretical framework illuminating how power and status differentials shape emotional experience, expression, and responsiveness (Van Kleef & Lange, 2020). In recent and ongoing work, my colleagues and I are using the dominance/prestige framework of social rank to examine how various types of behavior shape people's positions in social hierarchies (e.g., Van Kleef, Heerdink, Cheshin, Stamkou, Wanders, Koning, Fang, & Georgeac, 2021, JAP).
Living in groups affords great benefits but also poses significant challenges related to social coordination. To enable adaptive social interaction, human societies have developed norms that create a shared understanding of what constitutes proper and acceptable conduct and that guide social behavior (Van Kleef, Gelfand, & Jetten, 2019, JESP). Despite the importance of such social norms, norm violations are common (Van Kleef, Wanders, Stamkou, & Homan, 2015, COP). In my research on norms I adopt a social perspective by investigating how observers respond to individuals who abide by or violate norms. In this research program, my colleagues and I are beginning to uncover the psychological processes that drive responses to normative and counternormative behavior, which include some surprising "positive" consequences. In our early work, we documented that individuals who violate norms are perceived as powerful (Van Kleef, Homan, Finkenauer, Gündermir, & Stamkou, 2011, SPPS). Norm violators can gain power in the eyes of others because their behavior signals that they feel free to act as they please despite normative constrains. We also found that norm violators may be granted power and influence when their violations benefit others (Van Kleef, Homan, Finkenauer, Blaker, & Heerdink, 2012, JESP). A later series of studies revealed that high-ranking individuals are less inclined to grant power to norm violators than low-ranking individuals are, because the former are motivated to protect the status quo from which they benefit (Stamkou, Van Kleef, Homan, & Galinsky, 2016, GPIR). In our more recent work we demonstrated in a large scale cross-cultural study that the rank-related consequences of norm-violating behavior are systematically modulated by the cultural context, with norm violators being perceived as powerful in individualistic but not in collectivistic countries (Stamkou, Van Kleef, Homan, Gelfand, Van de Vijver et al., 2019, PSPB). Based on these and other studies, we recently developed the Threat-Opportunity Framework of Norm Violation and Social Rank to explain how (counter)normative behavior shapes social hierarchies (Stamkou, Homan, & Van Kleef, 2020, COP). In this research we have also used the dominance/prestige framework of social rank to inform understanding of the social consequences of norm violations (e.g., Van Kleef, 2023, SPPC).
Social life is rife with potential for conflict. Divergent interests are best addressed through cooperative means, but they often fuel competition between individuals, groups, and nations. The challenges involved in resolving such conflicts are among the most pressing issues in the social sciences. In my research on conflict I investigate the antecedents, processes, and consequences of cooperation and competition between individuals and within and between groups. One question we addressed is how a person's standing in the group shapes his or her behavior vis-à-vis outgroups. We found that individuals who occupy a peripheral position in their group behave more in accordance with group norms than those who have a more stable and secure position (Steinel, Van Kleef, van Knippenberg, Hogg, Homan, & Moffitt, 2010, GPIR ). Because intergroup relations are often characterized by competitive norms and expectations, representatives in intergroup conflict who feel insecure in their own group are more likely to adopt a competitive stance towards the outgroup (Van Kleef, Steinel, van Knippenberg, Hogg, & Svensson, 2007, BJSP). We also found that peripheral group members engage in more effortful information processing in intergroup conflict (Van Kleef, Steinel, & Homan, 2013, JAP). In another line of research we explore the biological basis of intergroup bias. In one study we showed that oxytocin drives parochial altruism in intergroup conflict. Oxytocin makes individuals more trusting and cooperative towards ingroup members, but it also promotes defensive aggression towards outgroup members (De Dreu, Greer, Handgraaf, Shalvi, Van Kleef, et al., Science). In addition, we found that oxytocin promotes ethnocentrism (De Dreu, Greer, Van Kleef, Shalvi, & Handgraaf, 2011, PNAS). In another line of research we investigate how attempts at conflict resolution are shaped by emotional processes, which are endemic to social conflict. This work unravels the complex ways in which the expression of different emotions can facilitate or hinder cooperation and conflict resolution depending on individual and situational variables (for a review, see Van Kleef & Côté, 2018, AROPOB). Conversely, in another paper we demonstrate how the expression of indifference -- the explicit absence of an emotional response -- can interfere with successful conflict resolution (Cohen-Chen, Brady, Massaro, & Van Kleef, 2022, JPSP). Yet another line of research explores the role of gossip in regulating group behavior. We have identified four distinct motivations for gossip: information search and validation, social enjoyment, negative influence, and group protection (Beersma & Van Kleef, 2012, JASP). Our research indicates that gossip has a social-regulatory function in groups. We have demonstrated, for instance, that the possibility of gossip can enhance cooperation in groups (e.g., Beersma & Van Kleef, 2011, SPPS ). In our ongoing work, we are exploring when gossip increases or decreases cooperation in groups (e.g., Nieper, Beersma, Dijkstra, & Van Kleef, 2022).
EASI lab is dedicated to the study of emotion in social interaction, with particular emphasis on the role of emotion in social influence. Social influence is a defining feature of life. Wherever people interact, they influence each other's attitudes, judgments, and behaviors. This is often an emotional enterprise. Consider how easily a conversation about politics can turn into a heated debate...
We still know little about the interpersonal effects of emotions in social influence situations. This is striking if we consider how often people (attempt to) engender social influence by expressing emotions. Through our emotional expressions we influence other people in our social environment - whether deliberately or inadvertently, in politics, propaganda, in close relationships, or at work.
How do emotions shape various forms of social influence, such as persuasion, compliance,and conformity? According to Emotions as Social Information (EASI) theory (Van Kleef, 2009, 2010, 2014, 2016; Van Kleef et al., 2010, 2011, 2012), emotional expressions wield social influence by providing information and/or by eliciting affective reactions in targets. Which process takes precedence depends on the observer's information processing motivation and ability and on social-contextual factors that shape the perceived appropriateness of emotional expressions.
EASI lab attempts to enhance scientific understanding of the role of emotion in social influence by systematically investigating the effects of discrete emotional expressions on various forms of social and organizational behavior.
More information on EASI lab can be found on the dedicated lab website: (www.easi-lab.nl).